Scale-dependent impacts of invasive species: a reply to Chase et al. (2015).

Figure 1. Realm of possible impacts of invasive plant species on species– area relationships in plant communities: (a) non-invaded community or community with invader cover less than 40% [1,3], (b) heavily invaded plots with invader cover more than 80% and negative impact on small plot diversity [1; 4, fig. 2], (c) heavily invaded plots with negative impact on both small and large plot diversity ([4], fig. 2 and 5; [5], fig. 1; [6], table 1]), (d ) rather rare situation where large plot diversity is enhanced by the presence of invader ([4], fig. 2; [7], fig. 2b). The accompanying comment can be viewed at http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0103.